which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. Prisons, or institutions in which large numbers of convicted offenders spend time as punishment for crimes, are over a thousand years old. [6]In the United States, from2008 through 2018, therewas an 8.6% decline in the total number of persons in prison and an 21.5% decrease in Black individuals who were in prison. The sources of prisoners' rights are all except which of the following? Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert observe that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both ________. [76] At the end of 2016, approximately 4.5 million adults in the United States were in community corrections (Figure 17). Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. The region of the country with the highest number of parolees is the ___________. [74] Moreover, some investigators have also demonstrated that incarceration disrupts primary intimate relationships, suggesting that use of prison-based programs to help prisoners and their partners maintain their relationship during incarceration may reduce the number of sexual contacts after release.[75]. True or False? The principle of least eligibility holds that? Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . signed by an officer. In which of the following years did the first female correctional officer begin work at a high-security institution? Within a correctional facility, the health and safety considerations for an inmate may take priority over the right to confidentiality, but some have interpreted this to mean that all officers should know the HIV status of individuals who are incarcerated. This impacts correctional administrators' ability to? All of these infection control strategies would also provide an opportunity to address prevention of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is important given that as many as 41% of inmates have chronic HCV. Based ONLY on the paragraph above, which one of the following statements is the most accurate? [4,5] According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at the end of 2016 the United States had approximately 2,162,400 adults in correctional facilities. How can one compensate for the effects of price instability when constructing cost estimates using high-low or regression techniques? The process, however, remains slow and difficult, primarily because the necessary funding is simply not available. Since individuals often engage in activities that may increase risk for HIV acquisition following release from the correctional setting, secondary prevention is a critical component of transitional care planning. [17] Transgender women, in particular, have relatively higher rates of HIV and incarceration. Some officers become intrusive and pry into the personal lives of inmates. Prisoners who were sent to Australia, and then committed further felonies, were sent to __________. Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. The functions are and. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted" is the 5th Amendment. Explanation: As in years past, prison staffers are still most concerned with custody and control. Pretrial officers utilize discretion in making pretrial release decisions. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? HIV-positive inmates working in the kitchen. Treatment by experts in HIV medicine is strongly correlated with better medical outcomes, so one solution to the knowledge gap has been to introduce HIV subspecialty care to the prison setting through telemedicine. Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. There are fewer women working as correctional officers than there are working as police officers. [41] The 2009 CDC document on HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings provides specific recommendations on management of persons newly diagnosed in a correctional facility, including recommendations that address immediate clinical management issues and linkage to appropriate medical care during incarceration. Everyone is entitled to equal medical treatment without regard to status. A punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense as well as those that transgress today's broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity and decency is said to be? January 2009:1-28. [9,22,23] A large meta-analysis estimated the incidence of transmission of viral infections within prisons and found rates of 0.08 per 100 person-years with HIV. This is called__________. (1) Words such as ALL, NEVER, NONE, and EVERY harden a statement and indicate there are no exceptions. Quiz Grade 2. The process of changing criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders through treatment, education or training is called? consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. Most, though not all, death row inmates spend_______hours a day in their cell. Barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy within the correctional setting include high rates of substance use and mental health disorders, lack of continuity of medical care, distrust of prison-based medical care, and concerns about confidentiality and safety. Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called ____________. [7] An opt-in HIV testing approach is when the prisoner requests the test or the test is offered and performed only if the prisoner consents to the test. Added 11/4/2021 7:21:03 PM. According to your authors, the Three-State Recidivism Study concluded? High rates of HIV risk activity coupled with low rates of HIV testing make the community corrections population an important priority for HIV screening and prevention services. (2) Words such as SOMETIMES, MAY, GENERALLY, and POSSIBLY soften a statement and leave more room for the statement to be correct. A penal institution to which especially young or first-time offenders are committed for training and reformation is called? Penitentiaries are relatively modern social institutions and their development is distinctly American. Source: Maruschak LM, Bronson J. HIV in Prisons, 2015Statistical Tables. These officers are an underutilized resource, perhaps because of the public's misunderstanding of their role. The most frequent penalty in the Twelve Tables was? The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President__________________. Referral for mental health support as indicated. December 2018. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? Officers can never catch all criminals. [39,40], Receiving a new diagnosis of HIV while in a jail or prison can be difficult; thus, appropriate counseling and linkage to care during incarceration are essential components to any correctional testing program, just as in the noncorrectional settings. There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison. In the correctional context the relationship between inmate privacy and institutional right-to-know remains contested, since correctional institutions are not alwasy considered covered entities under HIPAA. ET for the sentencing for Alex Murdaugh. The key to curbing recidivism of people who are mentally ill is to expand_______________into jails and prisons so that inmates can begin therapy the moment they walk into custody? 2015;42:643-9. The ________ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environmentspecifically, the preprison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison. [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). These cases typically involve police officers, jailers, correctional officers, probation officers, prosecutors, judges, and other federal, state, or local law enforcement officials. [41] Fear of interpersonal violence, stigma, and lack of safety and privacy were cited as key reasons for HIV non-disclosure. Indeed, for some individuals, the structured environment of incarceration may lead to better adherence to antiretroviral treatment than with their adherence in a community setting, regardless of how the medications are dispensed. The first juvenile court established in 1899 in? Which of the following cases launched the prisoners' rights movement? If possible, allow the community care provider to visit the inmate before release. For this analysis, undetectable HIV RNA was defined as HIV RNA level of less than 500 copies/mL. Supervise the Activities of Inmates: Correctional officers supervise the daily activities of inmates, ensuring that inmates obey the rules. Some officers become alienated, cynical, and withdrawn. (1) (a) Every law enforcement agency and correctional agency shall establish and put into operation a system for the receipt, investigation, and determination of complaints received by such agency from any person, which shall be the procedure for investigating a complaint against a law enforcement and correctional officer and for determining What is described as the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates? For more than 200 years, England practiced a form of criminal exile known as transportation. HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings. A. Incarceration offers a structured environment to initiate and continue antiretroviral therapy. It also been observed that the functions have only one asymptote. As a rule, prison inmates are prohibited from practicing either conventional or unconventional religions in prison. Although injection drug use may directly result in transmission of HIV, it is also associated with sexual activity that can increase the risk ofHIV acquisition. A. The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time and represent persons with diagnosed HIV. Prisons have long had the right to provide only the minimal conditions necessary for human survival. Inmates skilled in legal matters are known as ________. April 26, 2018. If you're the victim of cyberbullying behavior, besides contacting your teacher or the school, Learning Resource Center can you go to find information. While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. Buyers cannot move . The idea of probation and parole is to reintroduce the offender into society as a productive member. Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. With severe correctional budget cuts, prisons struggle to obtain money for? A. A. a type of sentence in which the offender must submit to intensive supervision in lieu of imprisonment, A. an opportunity to confront and cross-examine people who testify against them. The American correctional Association expects of its members unfailing honesty, respect for the dignity and individuality of human beings and a commitment to professional and compassionate service. Depending on the jurisdiction, convicted felons lose a variety of civil rights. Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert identified four general ways in which correctional officers respond to their jobs. [4] Among all persons in prisons, the state prisons account for nearly 90% of those in prison and the majority are males (Figure 6). At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the people who were employed in the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) were security staff. In general, people sentenced to jail have a sentence of? In adult court the offender is convicted; in juvenile court the offender is? A Latin term that refers to the state as guardian of minors and incompetent people is called? For persons with HIV, the community or parole officer can often play a key role in keeping an individual engaged in care. Emergency release options for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison overcrowding are called? Prisonization is the process by which new inmates learn about the prison subculture. A. Crime in the United States has continued to increase over the last decade despite our best efforts to control it. A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a? The first reformatory for young men opened at ______________. The next day, while discussing the incident, one of the arresting officers mentioned that the prisoner had said something about "have to kill myself" while being Initially the value of exponential function increases slowly but increases faster later on. Approximately_________of women were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of their arrest. [9,12,25] The CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccinationfor all incarcerated persons who do not have immunity to or active infection with HBV. The transition from a correctional facility to the community is a critical event for persons with HIV. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that inmates skilled in legal matters must be permitted to assist other inmates in preparing cases unless the government provides a reasonable alternative? QUESTION 68 The process of civilian gang members with no prior criminal history being recruited to apply to become correctional officers is called: a. testing b.active recruiting O c downing a duck O d. empathy QUESTION 62 Why do some scholars say that the criminal justice system is designed to fail? Community clinics and correctional systems need to work together to find ways to adequately meet the needs of this population upon re-entry into the community. Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. Assume as in parts (a), (b), and ( c) that two shots will be awarded. The_______leads the United States in executions. This has never been shown to be true, and facilities in the United States now do not usethis HIV cohorting stigmatizing practice.[53]. Antiretroviral medications are expensive and insurance no longer covers these medications after conviction; annual budgets in small- to moderate-sized jails are often too small to support payment for antiretroviral medications for even a limited number of persons with HIV. Upon Board of Governors and Delegates Assembly 1994. The inmates' perception that certain correctional officers have valuable skills gives rise to ___________. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Probation Survey, Annual Parole Survey, Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jail Inmates, and National Prisoner Statistics Program, 1980-2016. What case launched the prisoners' rights movement? When a juvenile court transfers jurisdiction of a case to an adult court it is called a? -New offenders are socialized into the prison subculture through a process known as prisonization. [76] Inadequate data exist regarding HIV prevalence in community corrections and HIV testing rates are low in this setting. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government. A slower tempo can be experienced by a person who mentally stretches the duration of time. Some crimes are classified as felonies in one part of the country and as misdemeanors in another part of the country. From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _________ as punishment for crimes. [37] A more recent CDC HIV corrections testing project conducted from 2009-2013 found 0.3-0.4% of inmates tested in a broad range of correctional facilities were newly diagnosed with HIV(Figure 13). Parole and probation, taken together with other forms of non-prison sanctions, are called community corrections. Evidence based corrections have shown very strong evidence that drug courts_______the future criminal activities of offenders. Which of the following is NOT a civil right commonly forfeited by convicted felons? An inmate with an officer does not need a pass. After release from prison or jail into the general community, persons with HIV may engage in sex activities that may increase their risk of transmitting HIV to others, particularly with their pre-incarceration sex partners. An executive act that removes both punishment and guilt is called a __________. The period of Western social thought that began in the 17th century and lasted until the dawn of the 19th century is known as? In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was ________. What is one of the newest forms of prison contraband? [33] One analysis, based on total antiretroviral sales in correctional facilities,found a substantial unmet need for HIV treatment in state and federal facilities, highlighting a major treatment gap. By law, antiretroviral therapy must be available to all inmates who have HIV. Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. In the past, sellers had more power than buyers, but now buyers have more power than sellers. The transition from a correctional facility to the community is a critical event for inmates with HIV. This is called _________. [20] The immediate clinical management issues that should be addressed include HIV prevention counseling, referral for mental health treatment if needed, initial evaluation and staging of HIV, and referral for HIV treatment (Table 1). The first jail in America was________in Philadelphia. [7] Epidemiologic surveys indicate the prevalence of HIV in 2015 was approximately 1.3% among inmates in correctional facilities, which is markedly higher than the 0.3 to 0.4% HIV prevalence in the general United States population. In the case of_______, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to sentence a 15-year-old to death. The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime is called? True or False? [2], In 2018, the United States had the highest prison population rate (prisoners per 100,000 population) in the world and the total prison population in the United States was higher than any other country(Figure 3). A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilties, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector is called? Values such as supportiveness, teamwork, perseverance, empathy, and caring enable officers to cope with post-traumatic stress; they are part of team of colleagues who care for their coworkers. Psychology - What is Psychology? [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. [47] Jails and temporary detention settings pose the most challenges in terms of accessing antiretroviral therapy. At times, obtaining a release of information from a patient to discuss their care with the community corrections officer or parole officer is an important step in coordinating medical care. Here are a few major instances where an escalation to the use of force may be required: 1. At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the security staff in state correctional agencies were white. [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. Some terms may not be used. Intensive supervision probation(ISP) involves? Inmates who adopt the ________ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process. [26,69] Individuals taking antiretroviral therapy at the time of discharge should receive an adequate supply of antiretroviral medication as a bridge from jail or prison release to an appointment with a community provider. BJS collects data on the administration and operation of both types of facilities. Intermediate Sanctions are sometimes referred to as? The United States correctional system consists of local and tribal jails, state prisons, federal prisons, military and immigration facilities, and community correctional facilities, which includes probation and parole programs. The court held that a potential juror's mere reservation about the death penalty was insufficient grounds to prevent that person from serving on the jury in a death penalty case in? Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. Expedited HIV care may be necessary for special clinical circumstances including acute HIV,an acute opportunistic infection, and HIV during pregnancy. Custody is necessary before any other correctional activities, such as instruction or counseling, can be undertaken. In 1972, the case of__________ruled that the application of the death penalty, as it was then carried out, was unconstitutional and set aside 40 death penalty statutes. that an officer had to run to a squad car for a chain cutter. A writ issued by an appellate court to obtain from a lower court the record of its proceeding in a particular case is called a? The case of Cruz v. Beto established the right of prisoners to have visits. [11,26] For some inmates with HIV, the correctional setting may be their first engagement in HIV care, and during incarceration substantial gains may be made along all steps in the HIV care cascade, including increasing the percentages of persons taking antiretroviral therapy and achieving virologic suppression. [16] In addition, when compared with men, incarcerated women have higher rates of unemployment (45.8% versus 26.7%), homelessness (17.4% versus 12.1%), and psychiatric comorbidities (43.6% versus 21.6%). [77] Nevertheless, the community corrections population represents an important target for HIV screening and prevention services. The privacy of the individual inmate should be protected to the greatest extent possible, which typically means that medical interviews of inmates should be conducted out of earshot of correctional officers, and the disclosure of protected health information should be limited to situations that directly impact the health and safety of other inmates and/or correctional staff.[51]. [9] In a study conducted among male inmates in a Georgia state prison system, intra-prison transmission of HIV was associated with male-male sex in prison, receipt of tattoos while in prison, age older than 26 years, having served at least 5 years of the current sentence, Black race, and low body mass index upon entry to prison. ___________are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before and after conviction. They always seek the easy path and they plot to win the cushiest jobs. Collaborate with state and local offices administering benefit and entitlement programs to facilitate pre-release applications and benefit reinstatements. What items most often assumes the symbolic value of money in the sub-rosa economy of a prison? Reward power. A. Acorrectional agency that has the authority to grant parole is a called a ________. The religious group________sometimes burned witches and unruly slaves; made wide use of the stocks, the pillory and ducking stool; branded criminal offenders; and forced women convicted of adultery to wear "scarlet letters". What is the reason why the Eighth Amendment has done little to protect inmates from staff brutality? Corrections Departments by State. If the defendant accepts a penalty without admitting guilt it is called? Branding as a punishment for a crime was never practiced in the American colonies. Automatically remove your image background. Note: the numbers listed do not match the total listed since parolees who were also on probation were not included in the total listed. The Check-on-Learning Questions are short and topic related. On any given day, more persons are housed in prisons than in jails, but over the course of a year the jail system encounters and houses many more distinct individuals; the higher total annual volume in a jail is due to much higher admission and release rates in jails than in prisons, where inmates typically have long sentences. B. Inmates' belief that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience gives the officer __________. A pass must be signed by an officer to be valid. A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoner's rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the__________? The case of_________ruled that "guilty beyond a reasonable doubt" should be the standard in all delinquency adjudications. The use of___________in corrections and public policy is now considered the gold standard for policy and program development. Jails confine persons before or after .